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Title: Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters

A Family Record

Author: William Austen-Leigh and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh

Release Date: September 7, 2007 [eBook #22536]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JANE AUSTEN, HER LIFE AND LETTERS***

 

E-text prepared by Thierry Alberto, Emmy,
and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
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Transcriber's Note:

Obvious punctuation errors have been corrected.

The title page lists the authors as Austen-Leigh. The text omits the hyphen. This was retained.

In the interests of maintaining the integrity of the Austen letters, archaic or unusual spellings were retained as was inconsistent capitalization. For example: expence, acknowlegement; d'Arblay, D'Arblay.

More detailed notes will be found at the end of the text.

 

 

 

 

Jane Austen
see p. 62

JANE AUSTEN HER LIFE AND LETTERS A FAMILY RECORD BY WILLIAM AUSTEN-LEIGH AND RICHARD ARTHUR AUSTEN-LEIGH


WITH A PORTRAIT



LONDON
SMITH, ELDER & CO., 15 WATERLOO PLACE
1913

[All rights reserved]

PREFACE
Since 1870-1, when J. E. Austen Leigh[1] published his Memoir of Jane Austen, considerable additions have been made to the stock of information available for her biographers. Of these fresh sources of knowledge the set of letters from Jane to Cassandra, edited by Lord Brabourne, has been by far the most important. These letters are invaluable as mémoires pour servir; although they cover only the comparatively rare periods when the two sisters were separated, and although Cassandra purposely destroyed many of the letters likely to prove the most interesting, from a distaste for publicity.

Some further correspondence, and many incidents in the careers of two of her brothers, may be read in Jane Austen's Sailor Brothers, by J. H. Hubback and Edith C. Hubback; while Miss Constance Hill has been able to add several family traditions to the interesting topographical information embodied in her Jane Austen: Her Homes and Her Friends. Nor ought we to forget the careful research shown in other biographies of the author, especially that by Mr. Oscar Fay Adams.

During the last few years, we have been fortunate enough to be able to add to this store; and every existing MS. or tradition preserved by the family, of which we have any knowledge, has been placed at our disposal.

It seemed, therefore, to us that the time had come when a more complete chronological account of the novelist's life might be laid before the public, whose interest in Jane Austen (as we readily acknowledge) has shown no signs of diminishing, either in England or in America.

The Memoir must always remain the one firsthand account of her, resting on the authority of a nephew who knew her intimately and that of his two sisters. We could not compete with its vivid personal recollections; and the last thing we should wish to do, even were it possible, would be to supersede it. We believe, however, that it needs to be supplemented, not only because so much additional material has been brought to light since its publication, but also because the account given of their aunt by her nephew and nieces could be given only from their own point of view, while the incidents and characters fall into a somewhat different perspective if the whole is seen from a greater distance. Their knowledge of their aunt was during the last portion of her life, and they knew her best of all in her last year, when her health was failing and she was living in much seclusion; and they were not likely to be the recipients of her inmost confidences on the events and sentiments of her youth.

Hence the emotional and romantic side of her nature—a very real one—has not been dwelt upon. No doubt the Austens were, as a family, unwilling to show their deeper feelings, and the sad end of Jane's one romance would naturally tend to intensify this dislike of expression; but the feeling was there, and it finally found utterance in her latest work, when, through Anne Elliot, she claimed for women the right of 'loving longest when existence or when hope is gone.'

Then, again, her nephew and nieces hardly knew how much she had gone into society, or how much, with a certain characteristic aloofness, she had enjoyed it. Bath, either when she was the guest of her uncle and aunt or when she was a resident; London, with her brother Henry and his wife, and the rather miscellaneous society which they enjoyed; Godmersham, with her brother Edward and his county neighbours in East Kent;—these had all given her many opportunities of studying the particular types which she blended into her own creations.

A third point is the uneventful nature of the author's life, which, as we think, has been a good deal exaggerated. Quiet it certainly was; but the quiet life of a member of a large family in the England of that date was compatible with a good deal of stirring incident, happening, if not to herself, at all events to those who were nearest to her, and who commanded her deepest sympathies.

We hope therefore that our narrative, with all its imperfections and its inevitable repetition of much that has already been published, will at least be of use in removing misconceptions, in laying some new facts before the reader, and in placing others in a fresh light. It is intended as a narrative, and not as a piece of literary criticism; for we should not care to embark upon the latter in competition with biographers and essayists who have a better claim to be heard.

Both in the plan and in the execution of our work we have received much valuable help from another member of the family, Mary A. Austen Leigh.[2]

An arrangement courteously made by the owners of the copyright has procured for us a free and ample use of the Letters as edited by Lord Brabourne[3]; while the kindness of Mr. J. G. Nicholson of Castlefield House, Sturton-by-Scawby, Lincolnshire, has opened a completely new source of information in the letters which passed between the Austens and their kinsmen of the half-blood—Walters of Kent and afterwards of Lincolnshire. Miss Jane Austen, granddaughter of Admiral Charles Austen, and Miss Margaret Bellas, great-granddaughter of James Austen, are so good as to allow us to make a fuller use of their family documents than was found possible by the author of the Memoir; while Mr. J. H. Hubback permits us to draw freely upon the Sailor Brothers, and Captain E. L. Austen, R.N., upon his MSS. Finally, we owe to Admiral Ernest Rice kind permission to have the photograph taken, from which the reproduction of his Zoffany portrait is made into a frontispiece for this volume. We hope that any other friends who have helped us will accept this general expression of our gratitude.


W. A. L.
R. A. A. L.

April 1913.

In the notes to the text, the following works are referred to under the shortened forms here given:—
Memoir of Jane Austen, by her nephew, J. E. Austen-Leigh: quoted from second edition, 1871. As Memoir.
Letters of Jane Austen, edited by Edward Lord Brabourne, 1884. As Brabourne.
Jane Austen's Sailor Brothers, by J. H. Hubback and Edith C. Hubback, 1906. As Sailor Brothers.
Jane Austen: Her Homes and her Friends Constance Hill, 1902. As Miss Hill.

CONTENTS
chapter page Preface v Chronology xiii I. Austens and Leighs, 1600-1764 1 II. Steventon, 1764-1785 11 III. Warren Hastings and the Hancocks, 1752-1794 31 IV. Family Life, 1779-1792 46 V. Growth and Change, 1792-1796 67 VI. Romance, 1795-1802 84 VII. Authorship and Correspondence, 1796-1798 95 VIII. Godmersham and Steventon, 1798-1799 109 IX. The Leigh Perrots and Bath, 1799-1800 126 X. Change of Home, 1800-1801 141 XI. Bath Again, 1801-1805 165 XII. From Bath To Southampton, 1805-1808 189 XIII. From Southampton To Chawton, 1808-1809 209 XIV. Sense and Sensibility, 1809-1811 235 XV. Pride and Prejudice, 1812-1814 255 XVI. Mansfield Park, 1812-1814 273 XVII. Emma, 1814-1815 299 XVIII. Persuasion, 1815-1816 325 XIX. Aunt Jane, 1814-1817 341 XX. Failing Health, 1816-1817 369 XXI. Winchester, 1817 388 Appendix: the Text of Jane Austen's Novels 405 Bibliography 421 Pedigrees to face page 428  
I. Austen II. Leigh III. Craven, Fowle, and Lloyd Families Index 429 Portrait of Jane Austen Frontispiece

CHRONOLOGY OF JANE AUSTEN'S LIFE
1775,  Dec. 16 Birth, at Steventon. 1779,  June Charles John Austen born. 1780,  July James Austen matriculated at Oxford (St. John's). 1782   Jane and Cassandra at Oxford under care of Mrs. Cawley (sister of Dr. Cooper). 1783   Mrs. Cawley having moved to Southampton, Jane nearly died there of a fever.
Mrs. Cooper (her aunt) took the infection and died (October). 1784   The Rivals acted at Steventon. 1784 or 1785    Jane and Cassandra left Mrs. Latournelle's school at Reading, and returned home. 1786   Eliza Comtesse de Feuillide came to England.     Birth of her son. 1787   James Austen in France. 1788,  July Henry Austen matriculated at Oxford (St. John's).     Francis Austen went to sea. 1791   Edward Austen married Elizabeth Bridges. 1792,  March James Austen married Anne Mathew. 1794,  Feb. Comte de Feuillide guillotined. 1795 (?) Cassandra engaged to Thomas Fowle.    May Mrs. James Austen died. 1795 -6 Mr. Tom Lefroy at Ashe. 1796   First Impressions (Pride and Prejudice) begun.     Jane subscribed to Camilla. 1797,  Jan. James Austen married Mary Lloyd.    Feb. Thomas Fowle died of fever in the W. Indies.    Nov. Jane, with mother and sister, went to Bath.     First Impressions refused by Cadell.     Sense and Sensibility (already sketched in Elinor and Marianne) begun.    Dec. Henry Austen married Eliza de Feuillide. 1798,  Aug. Lady Williams (Jane Cooper) killed in a carriage accident.     Mrs. Knight gave up Godmersham to the Edward Austens. Jane's first visit there. 1798,  Aug. First draft of Northanger Abbey begun. 1799,  May Jane at Bath with the Edward Austens.    Aug. Mrs. Leigh Perrot's trouble at Bath. 1801,  May Family move from Steventon to Bath. Visit to Sidmouth. Possible date of Jane's romance in the west of England. 1802   Austens at Dawlish and Teignmouth.     Visit of sisters to Steventon and Manydown.     Jane received an offer of marriage from an old friend. 1803   Northanger Abbey (called Susan) revised, and sold to Crosby of London. 1804   Probable date of The Watsons.    Sept. Austens at Lyme.    Dec. Mrs. Lefroy of Ashe killed by a fall from her horse. 1805,  Jan. Death of Jane's
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